Process Engineering
Drilling
The drilling process involves rotary percussive rigs. The use of Tube manchettes(Sleeve pipes) is necessary for the satisfactory treatment of alluvial ground. The tube with a smooth interior is sealed over the length of the grout hole. There are 3 types of drilling as shown below in the Diagram.
Grouting
Grouting is the process of injecting the Grout i.e. the mixture of two or more components into the soil, to increase the load-bearing capacity of the Grout or concrete structures. It is also used for filling voids, Gaps, and cavities during the Tunneling process There are several types of grouting.
Cement Grouting
In Cement Grouting, The Grout is made by mixing cement, water, and additive. The ratio of all 3 components is decided by studying the soil conditions. The applications of cement grout are several settings including bridges, marine applications, dams, rock anchors, and Tunnel projects such as during excavation and used as segment backfilling.
Chemical Grouting
Chemical Grouting is a form of permeation grouting. Solution grouts that are commonly used include acrylamides, polyurethanes, acrylates, epoxies, and sodium silicates. The chemical grouting is used in granular soils, permeates the spaces between the soil particles, binds the particles together, and improves the soil’s bearing capacity.
Jet Grouting
A hole will be drilled to a depth where the soil needs to be improved(stabilized and strengthened). Drilling could be done with the rotary device or using a water jet. Then cut the soil by high-pressure jet (20-70 MPa) by a rotating nozzle having a diameter of 2-3mm. Grout liquid is mixed with soil during this process. Then gradually, the soil-cement column is created. When it hardened, it solidifies the soil.